Guillaume Apollinaire was a Polish poet of Italian descent , whose real name was Wilhelm Apollinaris de Kostrowitzky. After studying in France, he settled in Paris, where he worked for various newspapers and befriended  many painters (Picasso) and poets (Max Jacob, Alfred Jarry), who were at that time developing new directions of artistic creation. With the collection of poems, Alcohols (1913), Apollinaire himself moved away from conventional poetic forms and themes. By omitting punctuation and exposing an illogical time and space in his poems, he introduced elements of Cubism. Through word games, associations and creating new rules of versification, he announced the coming of dada and surrealist poetry. His uniqueness is also expressed perfectly in his Calligrames (1918), where by merging form and content he successfully bridged the gap between the word and the object.

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